13, Age of Acquisition Effects in Word and Object Processing … Cortical.io has embedded its Retina Engine in a powerful platform for semantic search, semantic classification and semantic filtering. Educable mentally retarded and nonretarded adolescents verified superordinate and basic level descriptions of common objects. Word meaning and processing speed. General slowing of information-processing by persons with mental retardation. Educable mentally retarded (EMR) and nonretarded (NR) adolescents verified superordinate and basic level descriptions of common objects. Obtained category decision times, as measured by superordinate-basic level difference scores, were longer for retarded than for nonretarded subjects, indicating fundamental group differences in semantic processing speed. 3.Semantic processing, which happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning.. This is based on the idea that word processing is significantly faster than color processing. Deep Processing. Retrieval speed, age-of-acquisition estimates, uncertainty, and semantic-dimension comparisons with mentally retarded persons. Our failure to replicate Sereno et al. This study compared the relative importance (i.e., proportion of shared variance) of attentional capacity and processing speed accounts of cognitive aging to predict age differences in episodic and working memory performance. Right-handed adults (n = 100), 18 to 88 years of age, completed measures of attentional capacity (divided attention), processing speed, and episodic and working memory. A modified Sternberg choice-reaction time procedure was used to compare differences in the speed with which mentally retarded and nonretarded adults were able to retrieve recently stored information from short-term memory and process permanently stored semantic information. Merrill EC. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Lexical determinants of semantic processing speed. ... Access to a richer network of semantic information grants bigger concepts a cognitive advantage over smaller concepts in word recognition. We examined observers' processing of crowded targets in a lexical decision task, using single-character Chinese words that are compact but carry semantic meaning. This research was supported in part by Grants HD-00973, HD-07045, and HD-04510 from the National Institute of Child Helath and Human Development. If reaction times (RTs) are not first stan- Differences between mentally retarded and nonretarded persons' efficiency of auditory sentence processing. About Processing Speed. motor speed, music reading, intelligence, verbal memory, and processing speed. The paradigm involved a stream of English words and pseudowords presented in succession at a constant rate. Semantic processing is the deepest level of processing and it requires the listener to think about the meaning of the cue. Deep Processing - This takes two forms. Copyright © 1981 Published by Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(81)90025-4. The paradigm involved a stream of English words and pseudowords presented in succession at a constant rate. This damaging effect of clutter, known as crowding, affects many aspects of visual processing (e.g., reading speed). National Library of Medicine Additional data were interpreted as indicating that retarded adolescents may be slower in making basic level as well as superordinate level decisions, suggesting that they have difficulty in making semantic classification decisions in general. Semantic Density and Processing Speed: Facilitation or Interference? COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. As expected, DIFFERENCES IN SEMANTIC PROCESSING SPEED 395 850 r 800 - Superordiuate - Basic W N z 700 750 Retarded W 650 W N i g 600 H W t 550 Houretarded 500 F , 450 High Low TYPICALITY Fic. Neurocase: Vol. Studies on brain imaging have shown that, when semantic processing occurs, there is increased brain activity in the left prefrontal regions of the brain that does not occur during different kinds of processing. Intact language skills and semantic processing speed following the use of fractionated cranial irradiation therapy for the treatment of childhood medulloblastoma: A 4-year follow-up study. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Speed in early visual processing" by Dipl.-Psych Ingo Fründ et al. Would you like email updates of new search results? This study investigated age differences in the speed of processing semantic information. and processing speed theories Pauline E.J. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright Privacy, Help 1. High-speed memory-scanning task performance of mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Intelligence-related differences in semantic processing speed. With increasing age, processing speed has been shown to slow dramatically. Processing speed is a measure of the time required to respond to and/or process information in one's environment. (2011). S. Horning, H.P. Accessibility Mean response times for retarded and nonretarded subjects in the True condition of the verification task. Hence, this study aimed to address this imbalance by assessing the impact of different types of background music on cognitive tasks tapping declarative memory and processing speed in older adults. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. This similarity suggests that inefficient processing may represent a fundamental deficiency of retarded individuals resulting from the inefficient execution of some central processing mechanism. 332-344. Language processing was tested with an on‐line measure of sentence processing efficiency, an end‐of‐sentence acceptability judgement task, and a paragraph comprehension test. The test consists of giving the person 60 seconds to verbally list as many things as possible in a category. Practitioners often use the verbal fluency test in two different ways: Visual Cognition: Vol. In children with ASD, semantic processing was characterized by delayed speed of processing and limited integration with mental representation. ously obtained on semantic processing tasks resulted from individual differences in decision processes rather than from such differences in speed of semantic access (Whitney, 1985). Previous research suggests that the processing of affordances may require more perceptually relevant information than words can provide (Surber et al., 2018; Chainay & Humphreys, 2002). Results of tasks measuring speed with which mentally retarded (N=9) and nonretarded adults retrieved information from short-term memory and processed permanently stored semantic information revealed that the retarded adults were slower in both processing domains. By extension, these findings support the possibility that semantic density should facilitate lexical recogni-tion. Thirty young adults and 25 older adults completed five reaction time (RT) tasks: simple RT, two-choice RT to nonverbal stimuli, and three tasks measuring speed of making semantic judgments. English–Welsh bilinguals and English monolinguals were asked to count the number of letters in pseudowords and actively disregard words. Careers. It can also be auditory, like music or spoken language. Other results, from a semantic priming task performed by the same subjects, suggested that the obtained group differences in semantic processing speed were related to the active (deliberate) processes required for verification, rather than to category knowledge per se or more passive processes associated with the activation of stored semantic knowledge. As well, various studies have highlighted the effect of cognitive functions, such as processing speed and executive function, on semantic memory functioning (e.g., Cansino et … 1981 Jun;31(3):387-402. of information and leads to better recall. Processing speed. Pomona, NJ 08240. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Posted on October 1, 2013 July 2, 2019 by Abigail Marshall Listen From symbolmastery.com. Results suggest that EMR subjects had difficulty making semantic classification decisions in general. It is virtually impossible to control for all these factors when testing group-level interactions with priming. processing speed could influence semantic priming effects. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! We investigated the consequences of the word processing speed on semantic access in bilinguals. Good working memory capacity is important for processing speed. Deep processing involves elaboration rehearsal which involves a more meaningful analysis (e.g. Findings indicate that children with ASD, including those with minimal language, showed EEG evidence of semantic processing, but it was characterized by delayed speed of processing and limited integration with mental representations. A total of 50 elderly individuals and 48 college students were tested on several measures of processing speed and of working memory capacity. Results revealed that the retarded adults were slower than were the nonretarded adults in both domains of processing; the relative magnitude of "processing inefficiency" exhibited by the retarded subjects was quite similar across the two domains (47% and 57% as efficient as the nonretarded subjects in short-term and long-term memory processing, respectively). FOIA Mental chronometry is the study of reaction time (RT; also referred to as "response time") in perceptual-motor tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations.Mental chronometry is one of the core methodological paradigms of human experimental and cognitive psychology, but is also commonly analyzed in psychophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, and … Other results suggest that group differences in semantic processing speed were related to the deliberate processes required for verification. Bilingual speakers generally manifest slower word recognition than monolinguals. images, thinking, associations etc.) This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The first author is now at Stockton State College, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Intelligence-related differences in semantic processing speed. 4, pp. 8600 Rockville Pike Spaan1,2* Abstract: Structural equation modeling was used to investigate whether age-relat-ed episodic and semantic memory impairments are better explained by decline in processing speed or executive functioning (or both), rather than directly in … Prior findings (reviewed earlier) reveal that larger vocabulary size boosts lexical and sentence recogni-tion (Fernald et al., 2006; Mani & Huettig, 2012). J Exp Child Psychol. Thus, older individuals require more time to complete a cognitive task when compared to younger adults. 17, No. Davis, in Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012 Processing Speed. This information can be visual, like letters and numbers. (2006). One confound that often occurs with group studies is overall differences in processing speed. (2009) is buttressed by the results of our analyses of lexical decision data for a larger set of words from two separate megastudies. The relative magnitude of Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. There was neither a main effect of semantic size (as expected), nor an interaction between semantic size and processing speed. Differences in semantic processing speed of mentally retarded and nonretarded persons. Comparison of mentally retarded and nonretarded persons' organization of semantic memory. The present study investigates this hypothesis with the shoebox task used in Bowers and Turner (2003). Processing speed is the pace at which you take in information, make sense of it, and begin to respond. Results indicate significantly (p< .05) enhanced performance by musicians compared to non-musicians in verbal memory performance, including distraction list items, short-delay free recall trials, semantic clus-tering scores, and overall processing speed. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. We investigated the consequences of the word processing speed on semantic access in bilinguals. This theory, also called Relative Speed of Processing Theory suggests there is a lag in the brain's ability to recognize the color of the word since the brain reads words faster than it recognizes colors. By its name, you might guess that the test has something to do with speaking and speed, and you would be correct. Davies D, Sperber RD, McCauley C. Overall, background music tended to improve performance over no music and white noise, but not always in the same manner. I. Request PDF | Lexical determinants of semantic processing speed | A relatively neglected level of lexical processing is semantics. • There was variability in ERP patterns across children with ASD, suggesting that semantic processing may be a deficit for some individuals. PSYCHOMETRIC g AND MENTAL PROCESSING SPEED ON A SEMANTIC VERIFICATION TEST ARTI-KJR R. JENSEN, GERALD E. LARSON’ and STEVEN M. PAUL’ School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, ‘Personnel Systems Department,
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